There are utility routines for opening and closing the files, defining the units etc. The unit numbers are defined implicitly so that the user need not worry about them. All the standard data files needed in cms simulation are given as default dealt in Fortran so that normally no system code (like link or assign) is needed in the job.
Instead of default files the user can define his own i/o files by using the FFREAD control cards CDIR and/or CFIL. These cards (see section 1.5 are interpreted by the iodb package. The data base system is described in more detail in the reference manual section ii.10.3.